Comments Regarding This Instrument

Use of this instrument should be accompanied by the following citation:

S. Cohen, T. Kamarck, and R. Mermelstein. A global measure of perceived stress. J.Health Human Behav. 24:385-396, 1983.

Additional information, reprints, and normative data can be found at S Cohen's website.

Multiple translations, including Bulgarian, Chinese, Danish, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Italian, Korean, Polish, Russian, Spanish and Mexican Spanish, Thai, and Turkish for 4, 10, and 14-item versions of the PSS, as performed by others, are available at S Cohen's website.  Please review the respective instrument documentation regarding reliability and validity.